Overhead view of the library.

Hofheimer Library

Hofheimer Library
Phone 757.455.3224

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

Primary information sources

Documents, sets of data, or physical objects that were written or created during a specific time period are considered primary sources. They may be records of events as they are first described and may or may not include any interpretation or commentary. Types of primary sources include:

Documents

Interviews, eyewitness accounts

Autobiographies or memoirs, diaries, letters

Court records

Census records

Speeches

News footage

Audio recordings

Government documents, such as treaties

Maps

Creative works

Art

Photographs

Poems

Performances

Novels

Original literary or theatrical works

Relics or artifacts

Buildings

Pottery

Furniture

Clothing

Secondary information sources

Publications which gather together and analyze, interpret and present information from primary sources are considered secondary information sources.  These attempt to explain or describe primary sources. They may include text, photos or data from primary sources. Examples include:

  • Biographies
  • Historical fiction
  • Motion pictures
  • Journal, magazine and newspaper articles
  • Essays, Commentaries
  • Criticisms of art or literature
  • Textbooks
  • Television documentaries
  • Conference proceedings